What is difference between % ROWTYPE and TYPE RECORD?

% ROWTYPE is to be used whenever query returns a entire row of a table or view.

TYPE rec RECORD is to be used whenever query returns columns of different table or views and variables.

Examples

TYPE r_emp is RECORD (eno emp.empno% type,ename emp ename %type );
e_rec emp% ROWTYPE
Cursor c1 is select empno,deptno from emp;
e_rec c1 %ROWTYPE.

EG 2:

  TYPE r_comp_phl_vat_tbl IS TABLE OF cur_comp_phl_vat%ROWTYPE
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
 
EG 3:

TYPE load_ihl_vat_rec IS RECORD
    (
          file_seq_id                 xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.file_seq_id%TYPE,
          file_id                     xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.file_id%TYPE,
          app_level                xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column1%TYPE,
          business_type               xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column2%TYPE,
  transaction_type            xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column3%TYPE,
  invoice_number              xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column4%TYPE,
  invoice_date               xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column5%TYPE,
  invoice_amount              xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column6%TYPE,
  vat_amount               xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column7%TYPE,
  payment_number              xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column8%TYPE,
  payment_date                xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column9%TYPE,
  payment_amount              xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column10%TYPE,
  supplier_number             xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column11%TYPE,
  supplier_name               xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column12%TYPE,
  supplier_site_name          xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column13%TYPE,
  tax_code               xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column14%TYPE,
  payment_status              xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column15%TYPE,
  loc_update_base_amount   xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column16%TYPE,
  loc_update_tax_amount   xx_cmn_file_upload_stg.column17%TYPE
);

TYPE load_ihl_vat_tbl IS TABLE OF load_ihl_vat_rec
      INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
 
g_load_ihl_vat_tab                load_ihl_vat_tbl;
g_load_ihl_vat_rep_tab            load_ihl_vat_tbl;